Cognitive impairment is when you have problems remembering things, concentrating, making decisions and solving problems.
What is cognitive impairment? (KOG-nih-tiv im-PAYR-ment)
Problems with a person's ability to think, learn, remember, use judgement, and make decisions.
Signs of cognitive impairment include memory loss and trouble concentrating, completing tasks, understanding, remembering, following instructions, and solving problems.
Other common signs may include changes in mood or behavior, loss of motivation, and being unaware of surroundings.
Cognitive impairment may be mild or severe.
Some people with memory problems have a condition called mild cognitive impairment, or MCI. MCI has several types. The type most associated with memory loss is called amnestic MCI.
Researchers have found that more people with MCI than those without it go on to develop Alzheimer’s. However, not everyone who has MCI develops Alzheimer’s disease. About 8 of every 10 people who fit the definition of amnestic MCI go on to develop Alzheimer’s disease within 7 years. In contrast, 1% to 3% of people older than 65 who have normal cognition will develop Alzheimer’s in any one year.
How Is MCI Diagnosed?
Family and friends may notice memory lapses, and the person with MCI may worry about losing his or her memory. These worries may prompt the person to see a doctor for diagnosis.
Research suggests genetic factors may play a role in who will develop MCI, as they do in Alzheimer’s. Studies are underway to learn why some people with MCI progress to Alzheimer’s and others do not.
Dementia is typically diagnosed when acquired cognitive impairment has become severe enough to compromise social and/or occupational functioning. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a state intermediate between normal cognition and dementia, with essentially preserved functional abilities.
Dementia describes a group of symptoms affecting memory, thinking and social abilities.
The symptoms interfere with a person's daily life. Dementia isn't one specific disease. Several diseases can cause dementia. Memory loss is one of the early symptoms of dementia.
What are 5 signs of dementia?
These include:
- memory loss.
- difficulty concentrating.
- finding it hard to carry out familiar daily tasks, such as getting confused over the correct change when shopping.
- struggling to follow a conversation or find the right word.
- being confused about time and place.
- mood changes.
Reference:
- healthdirect.gov.au/cognitive-impairment
- pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4104432
- alzsd.org/resources/mild-cognitive-impairment
- nhs.uk/conditions/dementia/symptoms-and-diagnosis/symptoms
- cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/cognitive-impairment
See also:
- Childhood dementia
- Dementia and pediatric neurodegenerative disease
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